African Americans During The Civil War - 1170 Words

In 1865, when the civil war ended in America and slavery was abolished, the African American population in the South faced many challenges related to their new found freedom. Following the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, white supremacy resurfaced in the South (AE Television, 2015). Beginning in the early 1900s through 1970 there was a mass exodus of African American s from the South to the North in America. Although some African American s were known to have moved from the South as early as 1850, there were two major waves during the 1900s (AE, 2015; Gates, Jr., 2013). The Great Migration brought new opportunities to African Americans, but not without significant challenges. Prior to 1900 and following and Lincoln s signing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862 abolishing slavery, civil rights issues among African Americans in the South were significant (Lincoln, 1862; Tindall Shi, 2013). Segregation, violence, and even underground forms of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) rema ined a fear for African American s in the South. In 1892, Homer Plessy was arrested on an East Louisiana Railroad train and charged with violating Louisiana segregation laws in Plessy vs. Ferguson (CRF, 2015). Violence and lack of segregation control resulted in the legal establishment of the Jim Crow Laws which were recognized as separate but equal rights for African American s (CRF, 2015, p. 1). The term Jim Crow was slang or a nickname for a black man during this time (CRF,Show MoreRelatedAfrican Americans During The Civil War1211 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the Civil War, the United States underwent a period of reconstruction. From the time of 1877 to 1890, the US economy grew exponentially, wealthy business owners like Rockefeller and Vanderbilt built American cities and railroads, and immigrants from all over the world flooded into the country. However, during this period America also faced great amount of poverty, terrible working conditions, mass political corruptions, an d a destruction of civil rights for African Americans, women, and immigrantsRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War844 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years, the African American race has greatly evolved from having a lack of individual freedom to having their own sense of individuality. There have been many different events in America that has played some part in the evolution of the black race. After the Civil War, most of the races in America were seen to have separate freedom, but as the years progress African Americans were one of the many to stand up and obtain their individuality. In the process of obtaining individual freedomRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1434 Words   |  6 PagesMany African-Americans faced huge struggles years after the civil war. Their journey for racial equality began during the Reconstruction Era. The Civil War gave slaves freedom, a new set of huge challenges were put into play in the South. Under President Andrew Johnson, th ere were many new southern state legislatures that passed â€Å"black codes† to control most of the labor and behavior of the former slaves. Outrage in the North over these restrictive codes destroyed support for presidential reconstructionRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1423 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans were a very important addition to the American Civil War such as fighting and spying for both the north and the south sides. The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States between the North and South states. The war was from 1861-1865 and was because the South wanted to establish itself as a separate nation. The northern states were called the Union and the southern states were called the Confederate. Between the north and south states were the Border States, whichRead MoreAfrican American During The Civil War1235 Words   |  5 Pages African Americans Suffered During the Civil War Allison Wessels English 11- Period 5 Mrs. Blomme March 11, 2016 African American Suffered During the Civil War Outline: Thesis Statement: African American soldiers fighting in the Civil War. Introduction Introduce main points State thesis statement History of slavery Life of an African American slave Treatment Living conditions Work responsibilities African American soldiers Treatment of African American soldiers vs.Read MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War995 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore the Civil War, so it was a constant battle between African Americans and Whites. Antebellum time period focus on the differences between people in the south and the north. People who wanted slavery to continue, because it was profitable and people who wanted it to end. More simply, whites in the south did not want slavery to end, because it was a business that allowed them to make money off of other people s labor. While people in the north were more open to allow African Americans have moreRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesamong young African American men with little schooling. Radical changes in crime control and sentencing polices led to an unprecedented buildup of the United States prison population over the last thirty years. African Americans comprise a disproportionate percentage of the individuals imprisoned in State correctional institutions across the United States. . There are 5 main reasons as to why African Americans repeatedly go to prison. These reasons are racial discrimination, the war on drugs, trafficRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War2079 Words   |  9 PagesAfrican Americans in the Civil War Everyday, people wake up and take it for granted. Just the simple and small things in life, people don’t seem to really appreciate. They tend to be ungrateful for the things that have been basically given to them. Many people of today do not realize the severity of how hard it was to get to this point in history. African Americans have had to face very strenuous times in order to make this world a better place. African Americans faced difficult times during theRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War Essay2121 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Civil War, dividing the North and the South over the issues of slavery. In the end of the Civil War, many individuals with every sense of positive intentions gave opportunities and support to freed slaves developing into beneficial members for the nation. The United States came together as a nation to solve the issues of slavery, freedom, and the reorganization problems particular to African Americans. It is seen throughout our history a ll efforts to solve these issues but sadly African AmericansRead MoreAfrican American Soldiers During The Civil War902 Words   |  4 PagesMcCurry English 10 10 April 2015 African American Soldiers African-Americans served in the Civil War on both the Union and Confederate sides. In the Union Army, over 179,000 African American men served in over 160 units. More served with both the Union and Confederate units. This includes both northern free African Americans and runaway slaves from the South who enlisted to fight. By 1865, the South allowed slaves to enlist, but very few actually did. During the Civil War, blacks were treated like trash

Pender s Health Promotion Model - 1128 Words

Pender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013). Pender identifies cognitive, perceptual, and environmental factors as the major determinants in health promoting behaviors as the basis of behavioral counseling to promote healthy lifestyles (Pender, 2011). Although the HPM model describes background factors that influence behavior, the main focus is on eight beliefs that can be assessed by nurses and are critical points for nursing interventions (Pender, 2011). The model posits that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that impact future actions. The Expectancy-Value Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory are the underlying theories of Pender’s model and are important in understanding the concepts she defines. The Expectancy-Value Theory proposes that the individual engages in actions to achieve goals that are perceived as being attainable and are valued outcomes to the individual (Pender, 2011). The Social Cognitive Theory describes how thoughts, behaviors, and environmental factors allShow MoreRelatedPender s Health Promotion Model1580 Words   |  7 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model and Parse’s Human Becoming Theory Nursing theories aid the development of nursing practice. Being able to analyze and critique theories enables nurses to develop their practice, and how different theories affect their own nursing theory. Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) and Parse’s Human Becoming Theory, are theories that are easily applicable in the community nursing field, while also having applications to other areas of nursing practice. Background and InfluencesRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiencesRead MoreHistory Of Pender s Health Promotion Model783 Words   |  4 PagesOverview of Pender’s Health Promotion Model The Pender’s model of health promotion was developed in 1982 by Dr. Nola Pender a researcher and educator with a background in nursing, psychology and developmental sciences (Alkhalaileh, Khaled, Baker, Bond, 2011). The model’s framework is based in a holistic and multidimensional view of individuals within the constant interactions of their interpersonal and physical environments. The model outlines factors that influence health behaviors by combiningRead MorePrevention And Treatment Of Diabetes1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthat nurses can provide against type 2 diabetes among children utilizing the Pender Health Promotion Model. Initially, for a nurse to develop a prevention plan he/she must look at the components of the Pender Health Promotion Model (HPM). The first component that must be addressed is benefits of action, which is â€Å"the anticipated benefits of action that will positively or negatively reinforce consequences of a behavior† (Pender Parsons, 2006, p. 52). For a nurse to initiate an after school fitnessRead MoreHealth Promotion Model And Theories Of Social Cognitive Theory Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Promotion Model and Theories Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, and Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change are the three models I chose to discuss. An electronic database searched was completed. Three articles were chosen to summarize and discuss each of the above models. Social Cognitive Theory The article by Son et al. (2011) studies the effect of social cognitive factors among middle-aged and older adults’ leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation. The socialRead MoreHealth Promotion Of The Elderly1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe World Health Organization defines health as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (W.H.O., 2003). To promote health is a global responsibility that begins with oneself. In order to first achieve personal health, one has to be educated on the aspects of health. Clinicians, more specifically, Nurses can use health promotion techniques during interactions with patients and the population. Health promotion as defined byRead MoreInterventions And Clinical Process Through Application Of Pender Model1979 Words   |  8 PagesInterventions and Clinical Process through Application of Pender Model This Health Promotion Project that focused on dietary modifications was based on the Pender Health Model. Several aspects of this model were used in evaluating this project, and providing support to the patient. â€Å"To build a healthier America, health promotion and prevention must become priorities using innovative approaches, partnerships, and capacity building† (Pender et al., 2015). Throughout this project we built a workingRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline1181 Words   |  5 Pages1970 â€Å"Rogers’s theory asserts that human beings are dynamic energy fields that are integrated with environmental energy fields so that the person and his or her environment form a single unit†9 (Masters, 2014, pg. 55). Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model, 1970 Internal and external environments constant interactions with the person for witch the person adapts to (Masters, 2014). . Dorothea Orem’s Self--Care Deficient Theory of Nursing, 1971 Foundation of theory is based on three different theoriesRead MoreEvaluation Of The Self Evaluation783 Words   |  4 Pages Utilization of Leddy’s Model for Interpretation of Self Assessment I have a total of 150 points out of a range of 26-156 from Leddy’s Healthiness Scale Tool. The higher the number the greater is the healthiness according to the instructions (Leddy, 2006). There was a total of 26 questions and number 4, 7,8,12,14,17,21, and 26 are reversed with positive answers, according to Leddy (2006) as indicative of higher scores. What is Health: Leddy (2006) defines health as a state or conditionRead MoreEssay about Nola J. Pender Theorist2696 Words   |  11 PagesIn-Depth Theorist Presentation, Nola J. Pender, Health Promotion Model 1 In-Depth Theorist Presentation, Nola J. Pender Health Promotion Model Jennifer D’Andrea Description of the theory The Health Promotion Model (HPM), designed by Nola J. Pender, describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health while increasing their level of well-being. Pender offers a theory that places importance

Filter, Power Divider Free Essays

string(93) " of Transmission Line Performance – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4\." Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review – Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) – Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Filter, Power Divider or any similar topic only for you Order Now SIW Resonator Designs – Comparison of Transmission Line Performance – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4. You read "Filter, Power Divider" in category "Papers"? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 1 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review – Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) – Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs Comparison of Transmission Line Performance – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 2 1. Introduction †¢? Background O As consequence of the rapid development in wireless communication market, various devices need to integrate wireless standards. Demand on wireless devices to support these multi-standard operations with [2]  § Low insertion loss  § sharp selectivity  § Proper compact size  § Low cost O Band-pass filters  § primarily used in wireless transmitters and receivers  § imit the bandwidth of the output signal to the minimum necessary to convey data at the desired speed and in the desired form  § also used in bio-photonic, medical analytical, chemical, pharmaceutical area etc O Power dividers  § passive microwave components used for power division  § Divide input signal into two signals of lesser power. The coupler may be a three port component with or without loss  § usually of the equal-division type, which is 3dB, but unequal power division ratio is also possible [4] 3 1. Introduction †¢? Motivation O Why 60GHz  § First published by Indian physicist J. C. Bose 1895  § In 1947, US physicist J. H. Van Vleck observed that the oxygen molecule absorbs electromagnetic more energy at 60-GHz than at other frequencies [6]  § Mainly driven by military and space applications 1960s to 1980s [7]  § From mid-1990s, interest in fixed broadband wireless access for last mile connectivity advanced 60-GHz radio technology [8] O Why SIW filter and power divider  § Conventional technologies: either not able to present required performance or too expensive  § SIW: as an attractive technology for low cost, high Q-factor, relatively high power, and high density integration of microwave and millimeter-wave components and sub-systems [10]-[12]. SIW filters have a low in-band insertion loss and a wide stopband performance.  § SIW power dividers not only achieve the small size but also realize transmitting a defined amount of the electromagnetic to another two ports. 4 1. Introduction †¢? Objective O Study literature review of structures, applications and analyzing methods of SIW O Investigate the basic structure of different transmission lines by designing resonators O Extend the synthesis method to design of SIW filter and power divider †¢? †¢? Design and discuss SIW Filter at 60GHz with bandwidth 3 GHz Design and discuss SIW Power divider at 60GHz with 3 GHz Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review – Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) – Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs – Comparison of Transmission Line Performance – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 6 2. Literature Review †¢? Transmission Line O A device designed to carry electric energy from one to another, is used to transfer the output radio fr equency energy of a transmitter to a receiver [15]. ? Microstrip Line O One of the most popular types of the electrical TLs O convey microwave-frequency signals O support a good quasi-TEM wave O In practical applications, the dielectric substrate is electrically very thin, which is much smaller than the wavelength 7 2. Literature Review †¢? Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) O Characteristic dimensions of a CPW are the central strip width W and the width of the slots s. GCPW is formed when a ground plane is provided on the opposite side of the dielectric. O CPW is easy to be integrated in the IC design. O Conventional Technologies: †¢? ? CPW GCPW †¢? Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Mircostrip/CPW/GCPW: small size but not efficient enough in high frequency applications, wavelength at high frequencies are small Retangular waveguide: high Q-factors and power capability but voluminous and difficult for highdensity integration and difficult manufacturing process O SIW is a transition between microstrip and dielectric-filled waveguide. Dielectric filled waveguide is converted to SIW by the help of vias for the side walls of the waveguide [2] †¢? high Q-factor, low insertion loss, and high power capability 8 . Literature Review †¢? Resonator O A device exhibits behavior of oscillating at some frequencies, called its resonant frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others. †¢? †¢? It is used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or select specific frequencies from a signal [4]. Resonant frequencies O Quality- or Q-factor is defined as a dimensionless parameter, in terms of the ratio of the energy stored in the resonator to the energy supplied by a generator per cycle, describing how under-damped a resonator is [4]. †¢? The unloaded Q-factor (Qu) [21] 2. Literature Review †¢? Filter O Band-pass filter is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and attenuates frequencies outside that range [4]. O SIW is constructed with linear arrays of metalized via-holes rooted in the same substrate used for the planar circuit [13]. SIWs, combines the merits of all these structures, microstrip line or coplanar waveguide, and rectangular waveguide, are built onto the same substrate. The transition is formed with a comparable straightforward matching geometry between both structures. †¢? Power Divider O Power divider, a passive device used in the field of radio technology, couples a defined amount of the electromagnetic power in a transmission line to another port [27]. O SIW power divider, with optimum frequency selectivity, small size, low cost and high stopband attenuation, have been used for mobile and satellite communications systems. T-junction Y-junction 10 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review – Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) – Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs – Comparison of Transmission Line Performance – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 11 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Microstrip Line CPW SIW 12 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Comparison of Transmission Line Performance Characteristic Bandwidth Q factor Loss Power capacity Physical size Ease of fabrication Integration with other component Cost Waveguide Narrow High Low1 High Large, heavy Hard Hard4 High Microstrip Wide Low High Low Small Easy2 Easy5 Low CPW Wide Low High Low Small Fair3 Easy6 Low SIW Narrow High Low High Small Fair Easy Low Annotation [4]: †¢? Dielectric of waveguide is air; Skin effect of waveguide is small †¢? Microstrip can use printed circuit board technology †¢? Ground of CPW locates at the top, the discontinuity will affect the result. However, compared to SIW, wire holes are not needed. †¢? Special couplings at the joints are required for waveguide to assure proper operation †¢? Microstrip is susceptible to cross-talk and unintentional radiation †¢? CPW presents greater isolation than microstrip 13 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators – Substrate dielectric constant (? r) is fixed at 11. Silicon – Copper conductivity of 5. 800Ãâ€"107 siemens/m O Design Strategy of Single-row Via SIW Resonator For a resonant frequency of 60 GHz for the TE101 dominant mode by simply indexing m =1, n = 0, l = 1 [18] The calculation result is L = W = 1. 025mm. 14 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Sin gle-row Via SIW Resonator Ideal material: Lossless substrate and perfect conductor The loss tangent of AGC and the bulk conductivity of Silicon are both set to be zero. Moreover, perfect conductor layers are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Similarly, the material of metallic vias is defined as perfect conductor as well. By using as as illustrated earlier, the result is calculated In this ideal case, and involved. Based on the formula, are not radiation Q-factor is 492. 23 15 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Single-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material: Only with conductor loss For substrate, dielectric loss tangent of AGC and bulk conductivity of Silicon are set to be zero. The copper layers with bulk conductivity of 5. *107 siemens/m are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Moreover, the material of via is changed to copper as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this case, is not involved. Based on the formulas, we can get 16 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Single-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material: Lossy substrate and non-perfect conductor set the loss tangen t of AGC is fixed at 0. 003 and bulk conductivity of Silicon is 0. 02, which means all the loss of substrate is considered in this experiment. Meanwhile, the copper is defined as the material of layers, which are placed at most top and bottom of the structure and via defenses through the substrate. In this experiment, all losses, including radiation loss, non-ideal metal loss and substrate loss are considered here. By using , we have 17 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators – Substrate dielectric constant (? r) is fixed at 11. 9 Silicon – Copper conductivity of 5. 800Ãâ€"107 siemens/m O Design Strategy of Double-row Via SIW Resonator For a resonant frequency of 60 GHz for the TE101 dominant mode by simply indexing m =1, n = 0, l = 1 [18] The calculation result is L = W = 1. 025mm. 18 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Ideal material: Lossless substrate and perfect conductor The loss tangent of AGC and the bulk conductivity of Silicon are both set to be zero. Moreover, perfect conductor layers are placed at most top and bottom of the structure. Similarly, the material of metallic vias is defined as perfect conductor as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this ideal case, and involved. Based on the formula, are not radiation Q-factor equals to 641. 6 19 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material: Only with conductor loss For substrate, dielectric loss tangent of AGC and bulk conductivity of Silicon are set to be zero. The copper layers with bulk conductivity of 5. 8*107 siemens/m are placed at most top and bottom of t he structure. Moreover, the material of via is changed to copper as well. By using calculated as as illustrated earlier, the result is In this case, is not involved. Based on the formulas, we can get 20 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators O Result and Discussion of Double-row Via SIW Resonator Non-ideal material: Lossy substrate and non-perfect conductor set the loss tangent of AGC is fixed at 0. 003 and bulk conductivity of Silicon is 0. 02, which means all the loss of substrate is considered in this experiment. Meanwhile, the copper is defined as the material of layers, which are placed at most top and bottom of the structure and via defenses through the substrate. In this experiment, all losses, including radiation loss, non-ideal metal loss and substrate loss are considered here. By using , we have 21 3. SIW Resonator Designs †¢? Design of SIW Resonators O Comparison of Single-/Double-row Via Resonator Double-row via structure obviously decreases the loss compared to single-row via. The main difference of Q-factors is the radiation Q-factor, which means the radiation loss is the most affection of the SIW. Conductor and dielectric Q-factor are only slightly changed with the error around 3. 5% from the single- to double-row SIW. Hence, the conductor loss and dielectric loss basically are not significant issue for the losses of the SIW comparing with the radiation loss because of the leakage through the gaps since the presence of gaps in the side walls. These results also match that higher Q-factor indicates a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy, which demonstrates the validity of the experiments and the results. 22 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review – Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) – Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs – Comparison of Transmission Line Performance – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 23 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs †¢? Design of SIW Filters O Design strategy of SIW filter The proposed filter is constructed based on the SIW resonator at 60 GHz. The filter is designed and simulated using HFSS software. †¢? †¢? †¢? To achieve a -3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz. To achieve a good passband with small insertion loss 15 dB Here in filter structure, length doubles the size which is 2. 250mm and width w remains the same 1. 025mm. 24 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs †¢? Design of SIW Filters O Result and Discussion of SIW filter When increasing the distance between the middle of the vias, the two resonant poles are separated to each other more. 25 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs †¢? Design of SIW Filters O Result and Discussion of SIW filter †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? Center frequency = 62. 9 GHz. Bandwidth = 3. 4 GHz (60. 8 ~ 64. 2 GHz). Insertion loss = 0. 89 dB within the passband. Return loss = 17. 8 dB within the passband. †¢? Achieve a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss gt;15. 0dB. 26 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs †¢? Design of SIW Power Dividers O Design strategy of SIW power dividers The proposed filter is constructed based on the SIW resonator at 60 GHz. The filter is designed and simulated using HFSS software. †¢? †¢? †¢? To achieve a -3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz. To achieve a good passband with small insertion loss around 3 dB To achieve a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss gt;15 dB The proposed Y-junction power divider is a SIW equivalent of a bifurcated waveguide junction fed by a symmetrical step junction. The distance between two discontinues can be optimized to achieve low insertion loss [28]. 27 4. SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs †¢? Design of SIW Power Dividers O Result and Discussion of SIW power dividers †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? Center frequency = 62. 5 GHz. Bandwidth = 3. 7 GHz (60. 5 ~ 64. 2 GHz). Insertion loss = 3. 87 dB within the passband. Return loss = 10. 5 dB within the passband. †¢? Achieve a wide and deep upper-stopband with an insertion loss gt;15. 0dB. 28 Outline 1.? Introduction 2.? Literature Review – Transmission Lines (Microstrip Line/ CPW/ SIW) – Resonator, Filter, Power Divider 3. SIW Resonator Designs – Comparison of Transmission Line Performance â₠¬â€œ Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Resonators 4.? SIW Filter and Power Divider Designs – Design, Result and Discussion of SIW Filter and Power Divider 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 29 4. Conclusion and Future Works †¢? Conclusion O SIW single- and double-row resonators have been designed and compared. The results matched that higher Q-factor indicates a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy, which demonstrates the validity of the experiments and the results. O W band SIW filter has been designed, evaluated and optimized by HFSS software. The centre frequency of the proposed filter is designed at 62. 9 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3. 4 GHz (60. 8~64. 2 GHz). O W band SIW power divider has been realized based on the structure of the filter. The power divider is at centre frequency 62. 5 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3. 7 GHz from 60. 5 to 64. 2 GHz. 30 4. Conclusion and Future Works †¢? Recommendation for Future Works O The numerical analysis may be done for the proposed structures. O The structures can be fabricated and measured to demonstrate the practical realization of the structures. O The insertion loss the filter may be improved based on further modification. O It is possible to widen the bandwidth of the filter. O Other matching networks may be considered to realize better performance of the filter. O Small and efficient filters may be designed based on the modification of the proposed structure. O Balun may be designed based on the proposed SIW power divider. 31 Thank You! 32 How to cite Filter, Power Divider, Papers

Exam Three Study Guide free essay sample

Western Canada and Texas-New Mexico | | The three orogenies of the Devonian were: | c. Acadian, Antler, Ellesmere | | Cratonic Sequence 3 (Kaskaskia) can be identified by the presence of the basal: | b. Oriskany Sandstone in New York State | | The most useful criteria to distinguish deposits of Cratonic Sequence 3 (Kaskaskia) from Cratonic Sequence 2 (Tippecanoe) on the craton would include: | a. fossil assemblages | | | b. stratigraphic position | | Devonian reef complexes in western Canada are important because they: | a. are important hydrocarbon reservoirs | | | b. ormed barriers which resulted in potash rich evaporite deposits | | | c. are important paleoclimatic indicators | | Mississippian carbonate sequences are characterized by all but which of the following: | e. trilobites | | Cyclothems represent: | d. transgressive and regressive sequences | | The Ouachita system changed in terms of style of sedimentation from a passive margin to an active margin in the: | d. Early Missi ssippian | | At the end of the Permian, the suture between Gondwana and Laurasia was marked by a continuous moutain chain in which three mobile belts? | d. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam Three Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ouachita, Appalachian, Hercynian | | Chapter 12amp;13 In which period were amphibians and seedless vascular plants most abundant? | b. Pennsylvanian | | Based on similarity of embryo development, which invertebrate phylum is most closely allied with the chordates? | a. Echinodermata | | The greatest recorded mass extinction on Earth occurred at the end of what period? | d. Permian | | The fossils of the Burgess Shale are significant because they provide a rare glimpse of: | b. the soft-part anatomy of extinct groups | | | c. soft-bodied animals | | What type of invertebrates dominated the Ordovician invertebrate community? d. epifaunal benthonic sessile suspension feeders | | The first organisms to construct reeflike structures were: | b. archaeocyathids | | Which of the following organisms is an example of an epifaunal benthonic suspension feeder? | d. articulate brachiopod | | The major organic-walled phytoplankton group of the Paleozoic Era was: | a. Acritarchs | | An exoskeleton is advantageous because it: | a. prevents drying out in an intertidal environment | | | b. provides protection against ultraviolet radiation | | | c. provides protection against predators | | | d. rovides attachment sites for development of strong muscles | | | | | Which plant group first successfully invaded land? | a. seedless vascular | | Ostracoderms are | a. jawless fish | | Labyrinthodonts are: | c. amphibians | | Which of the following fish groups was the first to evolve jaws? | c. acanthodians | | Amphibians evolved from which of the following groups? | e. lobe-finned fish | | Which algal group was the probable ancestor of vascular plants? | a. green | | The most significant evolutionary change that allowed reptiles to colonize all of the land was the evolution of: | d. n egg that contained a food-and-waste sac and surrounded the embryo in a fluid-filled sac | | Based on similarity of embryo development, which invertebrate phylum is most closely allied with the chordates? | d. Echinodermata | | The first plant group that did not require a wet area for part of its life cycle was the: | e. gymnosperms | | Which of the following must an organism possess during at least part of its life cycle, to be classified as a chordate? | e. notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill slits | | Which reptile group gave rise to the mammals? | e. herapsids | | Which of the following three groups of invertebrates comprised the majority of Cambrian skeletonized life? | e. trilobites, archaeocyathids, brachiopods | | The age of the Burgess Shale is: | b. Cambrian | | Which group of invertebrates are excellent guide fossils for the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods? | c. fusulinids | | Mass extinctions occurred at the end of which three periods? | a. Cambrian, Ordovician, Permian | | | c. Ordovician, Devonian, Permian | | Pelagic organisms are divided into which two main groups? | c. plankton, nekton | | Chapter 14 What is the evidence for the breakup of Pangaea? | a. rift valleys | | | b. dikes | | | c. great quantities of poorly sorted nonmarine detrital sandstones | | | d. sills | | | The first Mesozoic orogeny in the Cordilleran region was the: | | b. Nevadan | | | d. Sonoma | | The Mesozoic tectonic history of the North American Cordilleran region is very complex and involves: | a. oceanic-continent convergence | | | b. terrane accretion | | The formation or complex responsible for the spectacular scenery of the Painted Desert and Petrified Forest is the: | c. Chinle | | The Sierra Nevada, Southern California, Idaho, and Coast Range batholiths formed as a result of which orogeny? | d. Nevadan | | The first major seaway to flood North America was the: | d. Sundance | | The orogeny responsible for the present-day Rocky Mountains is the: | c. Laramide | | The Jurassic formation or complex famous for dinosaur fossils that Marietta Colleges dinosaur program is famous for digging in each summer and will be going to visit in Utah during May to collect more dinosaurs from is the: | a. Morrison | | The breakup of Pangaea began with initial Triassic rifting between which two continental landmasses? d. Laurasia and Gondwana | | The time of greatest post-Paleozoic inundation of the craton (by transgressive seas) occurred during which global period? | a. Cretaceous | | A possible cause for the eastward migration of igneous activity in the Cordilleran region during the Cretaceous was a change from: | b. high angle to low angle subduction | | The mountain building event that began in the Jurassic and continued into the Cenozoic (and is also named after the whole mobile belt on the western portions of North America) is called the: | a. Cordilleran Orogeny | | The three phases of the Cordilleran orogeny in order from oldest to youngest are: | d. Nevadan, Sevier, Laramide | | All but which of the following evolved during the Mesozoic? | b. reptiles | | During the Jurassic, the newly forming Gulf of Mexico was the site of primarily what type of deposition? | a. evaporites | | Which formation or group filled the Late Triassic fault-block basins of the east coast of North America with red nonmarine sandstones? | e. Newark | |